Much stronger policies on end use energy efficiency in reducing emissions by about 1.3 Gt CO2 in 2030, compared with the transport and building sectors. Its estimated that almost 80% of these additional energy efficiency gains in the next decade. Avoided demand through measures such as digitalisation and materials efficiency reduce emission to 1.3 Gt further by 2030. Much of the potential here is in the industry sector, where opportunities for materials efficiency are substantial and low emissions technologies are less mature than in other sectors. Behavioural changes contributes around another 1 Gt by 2030 to the reductions, notably in the transport sector.
Decarbonising the transportation sector
Decarbonization and the phasing out of coal and oil cannot be achieved without finding and applying solutions for storing energy on a mass scale. Battery will play a key role here.they will be essential not only for the transportation sector but also for storing surplus solar and wind energy. Clean energy innovation and the widespread use of technologies that are not yet readily available on the market. These technologies are vital to decarbonise areas such as heavy industry and long distance transport that are not readily susceptible to electrification for one reason or another, and they include advanced batteries, hydrogen electrolyers, advanced biofuels, and new technologies for the capture and use of CO2, including direct air capture. Building these additional pillars of the new energy economy requires early and sustained investment in energy R&D and an accelerated programme of demonstration projects.
source: iea.org
Greenhouse gas concentrations reach record highs
Greenhouse gas concentration reached a new high in 2021, driven by human emissions from fossil fuels, land use and agriculture. Three greenhouse gases -CO2, methane CH4, and nitrous oxide N20 are responsible for the bulk of additional heat trapped by human activities. CO2 is by far the largest factor, accounting for roughly 50% of the increase in radiative forcing since the year 1750. Methane accounts for 29%, While N20 accounts for around 5%. The remaining 16% comes from other factors including carbon monoxide, black carbon and halocarbons, such as CFCs. If emission remain flat, atmospheric CH4 will be flat, while show up as increased atmospheric CH4. If CO2 and N20 emissions remain flat, on the other hand, atmospheric concentrations would continue to increase.
source: carbonbrief.org
For the net zero emission scenario emissions by 2050 indicators such as global indicators, supply, buildings, industry, transport and electricity generation where analytic in details.
| TRANSPORT INDICATOR IN THE NET ZERO EMISSION BY 2050 SCENARIO | 2010 | 2020 | 2030 | 2040 | 2050 |
| CO2 emissions intensity of passengers cars ( g CO2 per km ) | 231 | 200 | 106 | 34 | 4 |
| CO2 emissions intensity of heavy trucks ( g CO2 per km ) | 984 | 898 | 589 | 273 | 54 |
| Share of low-carbon fuel use in aviation and shipping | 0% | 0% | 17% | 51% | 81% |
| Share of PHEV, BEV and FCEV in total passenger car sales | 0% | 5% | 64% | 100% | 100% |
| Share of PHEV, BEV, and FCEV in total heavy truck sales | 0% | 0% | 30% | 84% | 99% |
There are four key priorities for action to close this gap over the next decade, and to prepare the ground for further rapid emissions reduction beyond 2030 are to
- Deliver a surge in clean electrification.
- Realize the full potential of energy efficiency.
- Prevent methane leaks from fossil fuel operations.
- Boost clean energy innovation.
Emission reduction strategies
Reducing air pollution and the emission of greenhouse effects gases . The focus was electric vehicles, they are described as components of sustainable means of transportation, and their solutions, project and standardization , A transportation system is composed of three principle categories which are
- Fleet management
- Schedule planing
- Energy usage
These categories if manage d and well planed provide a reduction of CO2 emission in transportation activities. The negative effects of transportation have led researchers to focus on green transportation programming in the last few years. transportation activity has harmful effects.This sector emits a considerable amount of greenhouse gases. It is believed that effects and consequently improve supply chain operations. The trade-off between the transportation cost of a trucks and the total emission of carbon as an index of environmental sustainability was analyzed. This allows for manufacturers and transportation companies to trade-off between the total costs of transportation and the total carbon emission.
source: Mefar 2014
Conclusion
Analyzing the advantages of sustainable transportation, it was perceived that there is unanimous agreement in analysis given to the reduction of the pollutant gases as CO2 in the atmosphere. it is possible to perceive the companies performance in that cherish the use of sustainable practices. However, the high cost in the usability of sustainable transportation methods highlighted and the population culture in relation to the non-urbanization and identification of the importance in the use of the methods, a fact that has improved considerably over the years, Finally, It is believed that a great amount of research must be undertaken, aiming at the development and improvement of sustainable transportation methods.
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